Fresh from winning a record 50th clay court title at the Monte Carlo Masters on Sunday, Nadal swept aside Brazilian Rogerio Dutra Silva 6-1, 6-2 in his first appearance on the newly-baptised Rafael Nadal court.
"An honour to see this," Nadal tweeted before the match on a rain-interrupted day in the Catalan capital alongside a picture of the court's new title.
Nadal will face South African Kevin Anderson on Thursday.
Murray had an even easier route into the next round as Bernard Tomic pulled out of their second-round clash with a back injury.
However, the Scot will have to wait until Thursday to begin his campaign against Feliciano Lopez, who eased past fellow Spaniard Albert Montanes 6-2, 6-2.
Fifth seed David Goffin, who fell to Nadal in the semi- finals in Monte Carlo last week, remained on course for another last-four meeting with the 14-time Grand Slam champion after a 7-5, 6-0 win over Georgia's Nikoloz Basilashvili.
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