Researchers at Simon Fraser University in Canada studied camp site evidence from both groups to understand why just one group was able to survive.
The findings suggest Neanderthals might have perished because they were not able to sufficiently warm themselves using animal fur.
Researchers analysed data from campsites used by early humans and Neanderthals and then compared the two.
One major difference they noted was the lack of the type of animal remains around Neanderthal sites that would have suggested they were used to make warm clothes.
The finding of Wolverine remains was of particular note because it is the same animal that people living in the Arctic in modern times turn to keep warm because it works so well as a liner and fringe around the hood.
Other evidence of humans crafting warm clothes has been found as well, such as bone needles for sewing and other tools that could be used to scrape pelts, researchers said.
No such evidence of Neanderthals wearing crafted clothes has ever been found.
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