A court in the southern city of Gwangju determined that Kim Han-Sik, CEO of Chonghaejin Marine Co, had allowed the ferry to be routinely overloaded and approved illegal renovations to increase its passenger capacity.
The 6,825-tonne Sewol was carrying 476 people -- most of them high school students on an organised trip -- when the overloaded, ill-balanced ship commanded by what the court termed as an "incompetent" crew capsized off the southern coast on April 16.
Ten other defendants, including six from Chonghaejin Marine, stood trial with Kim.
One was acquitted and nine were given sentences ranging from suspended jail terms to six years in prison.
Kim had repeatedly denied responsibility, insisting he was a salaried employee under the thumb of company owner Yoo Byung-Eun, whom he described as being deeply involved in the hands-on operations of the firm.
Kim was also convicted of diverting USD 2.6 million from Chonghaejin Marine over the past four years and funnelling it to Yoo, Yoo's other companies and Yoo's family members.
His badly decomposed body was found in a field in June but an autopsy failed to determine the cause of death.
Yoo's eldest son, Yoo Dae-Kyun, was jailed for three years earlier this month for embezzlement, while his widow is still awaiting sentencing on the same charge.
The Sewol's captain, Lee Jun-Seok, was jailed for 36 years last week, convicted of gross negligence and dereliction of duty, including abandoning his vessel while hundreds of passengers remained trapped on board.
Lee's defence lawyer had argued that Chonghaejin Marine bore the most responsibility, as it had ordered the illegal refit and determined the amount of cargo the vessel carried.
A major ministry with more than 10,000 staff, it will take over responsibilities previously shared by a number of state units -- including the national coastguard, which was disbanded in the wake of the Sewol tragedy.
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