The circumstances of the incident, which occurred near the Gaza Strip's northern border with Israel, left open the question of whether the explosion was accidental.
The Islamic Jihad Islamist militant group said the two men were part of its armed wing, confirming only that they died during a "jihad mission".
It identified them as Hussein Ghazi Nasrallah, 25, and Mustafa al-Sultan, 29, saying they were part of the group's engineering unit.
The Islamic Jihad statement made no mention of an Israeli attack.
At the scene of the incident a crater several feet deep was left, along with the burnt chassis of a motorcycle.
Islamic Jihad fought alongside Gaza's rulers Hamas in the last war with Israel in 2014.
In late October, Israel blew up one of its tunnels stretching from the Gaza Strip into Israeli territory, killing at least 12 militants.
A month later, mortar rounds from Gaza targeted Israeli soldiers, with Israel's army signalling Islamic Jihad was responsible.
Four Gazans, including two Hamas militants, have died since the announcement last Wednesday.
Two were killed in clashes, while two others died in Israeli air strikes in response to rocket fire from Gaza.
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