In a statement on World Refugee Day, the UN children's fund said the money is needed for emergency aid as well as "resilience interventions" targeting both refugees and host communities over the next four years.
Most of the refugees are women and children, the reason UNICEF is calling the refugee influx "a children's crisis."
"More than one million children have been forced from their homes in South Sudan, often amid horrific violence," said Leila Pakkala, a UNICEF official in the region.
UNICEF in Uganda requires nearly USD 50 million in 2017 as well as USD 30 million each year from 2018 to 2020 to provide critical services, including education and child protection, to both refugees and host communities, the UNICEF statement said.
This week Uganda will host a UN-backed summit aimed at raising awareness of the refugee crisis.
More than 1.8 million people have crossed into neighbouring countries since the start of South Sudan's conflict in December 2013. More than 900,000 of them are sheltering in Uganda, on plots of land often donated by Ugandans.
The rights group urged donors, including the United States and the European Union, to ramp up refugee support, saying it had spoken to refugees and aid agencies who spoke of a desperate lack of food, water, shelter and other basic services.
Uganda's refugee policy has been called one of the most progressive in the world because refugees are allowed freedom of movement and can operate their own businesses.
Yet South Sudan's refugee crisis is testing the limits of Uganda's generosity, with the continuing influx exerting a lot of pressure on the available resources.
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