Waste glass bottles used to make gen-next batteries

Scientists have used waste glass bottles and a low-cost chemical process to create high- performance lithium-ion batteries that store four times more energy than conventional batteries.
The batteries will extend the range of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and provide more power with fewer charges to personal electronics like cell phones and laptops, researchers at the University of California, Riverside in the US said.
Even with today's recycling programmes, billions of glass bottles end up in landfills every year, prompting the researchers to ask whether silicon dioxide in waste beverage bottles could provide high purity silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries.

Silicon anodes can store up to 10 times more energy than conventional graphite anodes, but expansion and shrinkage during charge and discharge make them unstable.
Downsizing silicon to the nanoscale has been shown to reduce this problem, researchers said.
By combining an abundant and relatively pure form of silicon dioxide and a low-cost chemical reaction, they created lithium-ion half-cell batteries that store almost four times more energy than conventional graphite anodes.

To create the anodes, the team used a three-step process that involved crushing and grinding the glass bottles into a fine white power.
The process also involved a magnesiothermic reduction to transform the silicon dioxide into nanostructured silicon, and coating the silicon nanoparticles with carbon to improve their stability and energy storage properties.

Coin cell batteries made using the glass bottle-based silicon anodes greatly outperformed traditional batteries in laboratory tests, and demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance.
Changling Li, a graduate student in materials science and engineering, said one glass bottle provides enough nanosilicon for hundreds of coin cell batteries or three-five pouch cell batteries.
"We started with a waste product that was headed for the landfill and created batteries that stored more energy, charged faster, and were more stable than commercial coin cell batteries. Hence, we have very promising candidates for next- generation lithium-ion batteries," Li said.
This research is the latest in a series of projects led by Mihri Ozkan, professor of electrical engineering and Cengiz Ozkan, professor of mechanical engineering, to create lithium-ion battery anodes from environmentally friendly materials.

The research was published in the journal Scientific Reports.