US economy contracts mildly in March quarter, but growth rebounding

Gross domestic product falls at a 0.2% annual rate in the January-March quarter instead of the 0.7% pace of contraction it reported last month

The US economy contracted in the first quarter but less than previously estimated as it struggled with bad weather, a strong dollar, spending cuts in the energy sector and disruptions at West Coast ports.

However, growth has since rebounded in the second quarter as the temporary drag from unusually heavy snowfalls and the ports dispute faded. Retailers reported strong sales in May and employers stepped up hiring. Housing is also strengthening.

The Commerce Department said on Wednesday gross domestic product fell at a 0.2 per cent annual rate in the January-March quarter instead of the 0.7 per cent pace of contraction it reported last month.

A fairly stronger pace of consumer spending than previously estimated accounted for much of the upward revision to GDP. Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two thirds of US economic activity, was raised to a 2.1 per cent growth pace from the 1.8 per cent rate reported last month.

With personal savings increasing at a robust $720.2 billion pace as more Americans get a paycheck, consumer spending could accelerate in the second quarter. Spending could also get a boost from rising household wealth as home prices accelerate.

While export growth was revised higher, that was offset by an upward revision to imports, leaving a still-large deficit that subtracted almost 2 percentage points from GDP.

The GDP revision was in line with economists’ expectations.

US Treasury debt prices rose on data, while the dollar was little changed. US stock index futures were unchanged.

Underlying strength
The economy expanded at a 2.2 per cent rate in the fourth quarter. But the first-quarter slump in output likely is not a true reflection of the economy’s health. Economists, including those at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank, say a problem with the model the government uses to smooth the data for seasonal fluctuations also contributed to depressing the GDP number.

The government said last month it was aware of the potential problem and was working to address it when in publishes annual GDP revisions in July.

When measured from the income side, the economy expanded at a 1.9 per cent rate in the first quarter instead of the previously reported 1.4 per cent pace. A measure of domestic demand growth was revised up four-tenths of a percentage point to a 1.2 percent rate.

Economists estimate unusually heavy snowfalls in February sliced off at least one percentage point from growth.

Estimates for spending on equipment were little changed. Business investment spending has been hurt by dollar strength and lower energy prices.

Businesses accumulated slightly more inventories than previously estimated in the first quarter, which could mean they have little incentive to keep on adding to stock in the current quarter.

The value of inventory accumulated in the first quarter was revised up to an increase of $99.5 billion from the $95 billion rise reported last month. As a result, inventories contributed 0.45 percentage point to GDP instead of the previously reported 0.33 percentage point.

Inventories could be a drag on second-quarter GDP.

After-tax corporate profits were a bit weaker in the first quarter than previously thought as the buoyant dollar undercut the profits of multinational corporations.

Profits after tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments were revised to show a 8.8 percent decline instead of the 8.7 percent drop reported last month.