PM Modi's new govt spending plans to remain in line with early projections

By Subhadip Sircar and Tomoko Sato

India looks set to swim against the current of emerging market officials loosening the purse strings, with debt sales by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s new government seen in line with earlier projections. 

New Delhi is expected to retain its earlier target of raising Rs 14.1 trillion ($169 billion) via bond sales in the fiscal year that began in April, according to the median forecast in a Bloomberg survey of economists. Not a single respondent expects the budget deficit to widen, underscoring just how keen officials are to maintain their hard-earned credibility at a time when global investors are piling into Indian debt thanks to its inclusion in JPMorgan Chase & Co indexes. 

A modest expenditure plan could give an extra fillip to India’s bond market, where benchmark yields are edging toward a 2-year low. The budget will be unveiled on July 23.  

If Modi’s administration maps out more deficit reduction, “it might lead to a further rally in bonds,” said Vikas Jain, Bank of America Corp.’s India head of fixed income, currencies and commodities. “This government has always delivered on its fiscal prudence” and investors believe it’ll stick to that course, he said.  
 

Government spending plans have attracted scrutiny across emerging markets of late. India’s longstanding efforts to tackle indebtedness gave its bonds an edge over Indonesia’s last month amid reports authorities in Jakarta were mulling a big rise in spending. Colombia’s credit outlook was cut due to pressure on government accounts, while just this week Brazil’s president triggered a slide in its currency after raising doubts about fiscal targets.

Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party are able to stick to their relatively conservative fiscal stance despite an electoral setback that raised concerns officials would resort to populist expenditure to win back voters. But a revenue windfall is helping the government allot money to projects to mollify their new allies without increasing the deficit. 

Investors cheered the outgoing government’s prudent interim budget in February, when it outlined the Rs 14.1 trillion borrowing target, sending the 10-year yield to a 7-month low. But news of Modi’s party losing its parliamentary majority, which raised the prospect of populist policies, triggered a spike in yields in June. 

The move later reversed, as the reappointment of Nirmala Sitharaman as finance minister helped to reassure the market. So did an unexpectedly large dividend from the central bank.

The deficit target is seen slightly lower at 5 per cent of gross domestic product for the current fiscal year, the Bloomberg survey of economists showed. The government is expected to bring the deficit down to below 4.5 per cent for the 2026 fiscal year, almost all of the economists said. 

But Modi will be under pressure to dole out funds for his coalition partners. A key ally has demanded financial support of more than Rs 1 trillion for the state in southern India he runs, Bloomberg reported on July 5, citing people familiar with the matter. 

“If the fiscal deficit comes in at or below 4.9 per cent of GDP with a borrowing cut, we may see a 15-20 basis points slide in yields,” said Akshay Kumar, head of global markets-India at BNP Paribas SA. “Our base case is for the current borrowing to be retained and the extra space can be targeted towards welfare-oriented spending.”

While the Reserve Bank of India appears in no hurry to cut interest rates due to sticky inflation, the steady stream of capital inflows linked to the inclusion of India’s bonds in JP Morgan’s debt gauge are likely to help push yields lower. So might further clarity on authorities’ longer-term plans. 

Sitharaman pledged in February to lower the fiscal deficit below 4.5 per cent by the 2026 fiscal year.

The yield on the 10-year bond is seen at 6.9 per cent by the end of 2024, according to median of forecasts in the survey.  

“Demand for government bonds is expected to exceed supply in FY25, supported by index inflows and long-only investor demand,” said Gaura Sen Gupta, chief economist at IDFC First Bank Ltd., who expects the yield to drop to 6.85 per cent.