Every warning that humankind is overloading Earth’s environment and risking dire consequences has been accompanied by exhortations to change the way in which humankind lives, and followed by action plans with targets. From the Club of Rome report in 1972 to the Rio Summit in 1992, and from the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to the Paris agreement of 2015, a variety of dire warnings have been held out and goals set for changing course. All to no effect. Humankind has gone on pretty much as before.
By the 1990s, humankind’s ecological footprint exceeded for the first time Earth’s capacity to
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