Infertility is 'woman's issue': Why it's a myth, how men make up 50% cases

Male infertility is often ignored, with factors such as stress, poor sleep, and bad habits affecting sperm health. Experts share fertility treatments and lifestyle changes

Is infertility really just a woman’s issue?  Picture this: a couple struggles to conceive, and almost instantly, fingers point towards the woman — “Maybe she has a problem.” 

 

But here’s the truth —  medical science says men contribute to nearly half of all infertility cases. The assumption that infertility is a 'woman’s problem' is one of the most deep-rooted myths out there, and it’s costing couples precious time and peace of mind.

 

According to Dr Vikas Agarwal, director and head of department, Robotic Urology, Aakash Healthcare, Delhi, the belief is cultural as much as it is medical. “Most people assume infertility is a feminine issue. But it can happen to both men and women. Conditions like ovulation abnormalities, ejaculation disorders, poor sperm count, or cervical mucus concerns can all contribute,” he explained.

 

Why is male infertility still such a taboo?

Women are often more open about fertility struggles, but men? Not so much. “Fertility and virility are not the same, but many men fear that if they cannot father children, they will be perceived as ‘less of a man’,” said Dr Agarwal. This stigma leads to delays in testing and treatment.

How common is male infertility?

Dr Agarwal said that globally, and in India, male factors are responsible for about 20 per cent of infertility cases outright, and contribute to another 30–40 per cent. Which means men are involved in nearly half of all infertility struggles. He highlighted that lifestyle has a big role. Stress, late marriages, long work hours, poor sleep, pollution, unhealthy diets, smoking, and alcohol all stack up against male reproductive health.

What causes male infertility?

From low sperm production to blocked sperm delivery, the reasons are wide-ranging. “Varicocele, an enlarged vein in the testicle, is one of the most common causes, which affects about 40 per cent of men with fertility issues,” said Dr Agarwal. Other factors include hormonal imbalances, infections, injuries, and even chronic illnesses. Add to that environmental hazards, like constant heat exposure, chemicals, and pollution, and sperm health takes a direct hit.

 

"Stress and poor sleep are just as damaging to sperm health as bad diet and lack of exercise,” said Dr Agarwal. If your 24x7 hustle lifestyle is non-stop, your fertility might be paying the price.

How do doctors test for male infertility?

Dr Agarwal explained that it usually begins with a sexual history, physical exam, and two semen analyses. If issues are found, doctors may add hormonal tests or scrotal ultrasound. Compared to the extensive workups women often go through, men’s initial evaluations are relatively straightforward, but many men don’t even get this far because of stigma.

What are the treatment options for male infertility?

• Depending on the cause, treatments vary. These include:
• Surgery (e.g., for varicocele or blocked vas deferens)
• Medication and hormone therapies
• Treatment for infections or sexual dysfunction
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART) like IVF or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), where a healthy sperm is injected directly into an egg

“ICSI is one of the most effective treatments when male infertility is involved,” said Dr Agarwal.

Can lifestyle changes alone fix the male infertility problem?

Sometimes, yes. If infertility is linked to smoking, drinking, obesity, stress, or poor diet, simple changes like eating balanced meals, exercising, cutting down alcohol, and getting quality sleep can boost fertility. But when the root cause is structural, genetic, or hormonal, medical treatment is usually necessary.

How does male infertility affect mental health and relationships?

Infertility doesn’t just test the body, it tests the mind and relationships too. “Men may feel guilt, shame, or isolation. It can lower self-confidence and strain romantic relationships,” explained Dr Agarwal. Worse, stress itself can reduce sperm quality, creating a vicious cycle.

How can couples handle infertility as a team?

Instead of blame games, think of teamwork. Dr Agarwal advised: 

• Share responsibility for diagnosis and treatment
• Keep humor alive and separate intimacy from baby-making pressure
• Build a support system of friends, family, or professionals
• Give each other breathing space when stress peaks
• Seek professional help early

Remember that infertility is a shared challenge, not just one partner’s burden. 

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This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.