It is almost de-rigueur in contemporary professional commentary on relations between major powers to refer to Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian war. This “war” took place in the 5th century BC between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta, and Thucydides lived in Athens around 500 BC. Athens was the established military power and was challenged by a rising Sparta. Eventually, Sparta prevailed over Athens with the help of the Persians. It is conceivable that Athens did not anticipate Sparta’s ambitions and growing strength in time.
An inference from the Peloponnesian war for current great power rivalry is the antagonistic
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