Exports jumped 11.6 percent year-on-year to USD 206.87 billion in October, while imports rose 4.6 percent to USD 161.46 billion, it said.
The trade surplus last month exceeded market expectations for a USD 42.3 billion surplus, according to a survey of 11 economists polled by The Wall Street Journal.
October's surplus also widened from the USD 31.0 billion recorded in September, though it was off the record USD 49.8 billion recorded in August, previous figures showed.
Import growth remained weak in October, slowing from 7.0 in September.
China's economy grew an annual 7.3 per cent in the third quarter, the slowest in more than five years since the global crisis struck in early 2009.
The country's economy has been hit by a deflating property bubble as well as a government crackdown on corruption and weak demand from Europe.
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