Several dozen investors -- surrounded by police -- stood outside the office of China's top anti-graft agency complaining they were tricked by the Fanya metals exchange.
Many Chinese financial institutions offer high return investment schemes based on increasing asset prices, but slowing growth has heightened fears that such products could go bust, potentially sparking social unrest.
The Fanya exchange in southern China offered investors a bet on increased metal prices, promising some double-digit returns on their investments.
The problems date back to mid-April, reports said, predating the Chinese stock market plunges that began in June.
China's main financial institutions are government-run, and many expect the state to step in when the investments they have chosen go bad.
One protester named Peng Yuan told AFP he invested more than one million yuan (USD 160,000) in the product, using family savings and credit card debt.
"I'm in debt -- hundreds of thousands that I put in were borrowed money," said Peng, who is unemployed and in his 50s. "This is outright fraud and robbery."
"They took our money and it's gone."
Investors wore white t-shirts calling Fanya a "scam" and appealing for a police investigation into the exchange, pictures posted online showed, with officers far outnumbering protesters.
On its website, Fanya has blamed "macro-economic conditions and policy factors" for difficulties traders were having "getting their cash back", adding it was taking "measures to restore market liquidity".
Today's demonstration was the latest in a series by Fanya investors, and followed a larger one yesterday, when several hundred gathered outside the office of China's top securities regulator, according to images online which were rapidly censored.
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