The court also sentenced three other police officers to suspended sentences of one year each on the same charges.
The head of the police station, Amr Farouk, and the three other officers, Ibrahim Mohamed El-Morsi, Islam Abdel-Fattah Helmi, and Mohamed Yahia Abdel-Aziz, all worked at Masr El-Gedida police station in north-eastern Cairo.
On August 18, 37 people - described by the interior ministry as being supporters of ousted president Mohammed Morsi who had been arrested at protests - died of asphyxiation due to teargas and overcrowding while they were being transferred to Abu Zaabal prison in Cairo in a police van.
Investigations showed that the police van transferring the prisoners only had the capacity to hold 24 people.
At the time of the incident, 45 people were inside.
Security forces claimed the prisoners had died during an escape attempt.
However, the prosecution later said this was inaccurate.
Prosecution said the policemen dealt with the prisoners with negligence, recklessness and lack of precautions, breaching their duties to maintain citizens' safety, regardless of whether they were suspected of crimes.
The January 2011 revolution which led to the ouster of dictator Hosni Mubarak was partially spurred by anger at police brutality.
In December, the Egyptian government declared the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist organisation, accusing it of complicity in ongoing militant attacks on Egyptian security forces which have claimed dozens of lives.
A crackdown on the group has seen thousands of its members jailed on a variety of charges.
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