High Court Judge Andrew Chan said it was a stunning downfall for Donald Tsang, 72, who served as Hong Kong's leader, or chief executive, from 2005 to 2012.
He becomes the highest-ranking current or former official sent to prison for wrongdoing in the Asian financial hub, which prides itself on a reputation for clean governance.
"Never in my judicial career have I seen a man fallen from such a height," Chan said as he handed down the sentence in a Hong Kong court. "However, it is not in dispute that the defendant has dedicated himself to public service for the past 40 years."
Tsang showed little emotion as the sentence was read out in a packed courtroom.
Chan noted that among Tsang's major contributions to public service, one that stood out was "his effort in overcoming" the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis. Tsang, who was financial secretary at the time, led the city's successful defense of its currency peg against speculators.
A jury found Tsang guilty last week of one count of misconduct in public office but not guilty on a second count. It's one of several recent cases that have shaken public confidence and raised concerns about cozy ties between Hong Kong's leaders and wealthy tycoons.
They unanimously cleared him of the second misconduct charge, which alleged he failed to reveal he had nominated for an award an interior designer working on the penthouse's renovations.
The jury couldn't decide on a third charge of accepting an advantage. A retrial is tentatively scheduled for September.
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