London's innermost airport re-opened three hours after the incident was first reported yesterday, after 500 people were evacuated and several passengers treated for breathing difficulties.
A search of the airport "led to the discovery of what is believed to be a CS gas or spray", Scotland Yard police headquarters said in a statement.
"Whilst the cause of the incident has not yet been confirmed, officers are investigating if it was the result of an accidental discharge of this canister.
"There have been no arrests and enquiries continue."
The London Ambulance Service said two casualties were taken to hospital and 25 treated at the scene for breathing difficulties.
David Morris, 28, said he was at the check-in desk for his flight to Edinburgh.
I was talking and started to cough to the point I was not able to keep talking," he said, calling the situation "quite scary"
"Within two minutes, they shouted for everyone to get out," he said, with check-in staff jumping over their desks.
The London Fire Brigade was called to "reports of a chemical incident" at the airport in east London's Docklands, which caters mainly for business travellers and short-haul flights.
It said the terminal was "ventilated, searched and declared safe", adding that "no elevated readings" had been registered during the search.
Several incoming flights from destinations such as Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Paris were diverted to other airports or cancelled.
The airport said there would be continued disruption to flights and urged passengers to contact their airlines.
Spanish businessman Fernando Bausa was hoping to travel to Madrid.
Caitlan Russell, a South African travelling to the Netherlands, said: "When I arrived, it was just people standing around, with medical blankets on, and lots of ambulances, emergency services.
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