Rahman and Das replaced Abul Hasan and the injured Mahmudulah.
Mustafizur's international debut was in the T20 against Pakistan in April, while Das made his debut against India in the ongoing Test here.
The 25-year-old Rubel, who was the star performer in Bangladesh's famous World Cup win over England with a two-wicket burst, yesterday said he was fully fit.
Das is likely to keep wickets in place of Mushfiqur Rahim who is still struggling with a finger injury.
He took the wickets of Shahid Afridi and Mohammad Hafeez on his T20I debut.
The three ODIs against India will be played in Mirpur on June 18, 21 and 24.
ODI squad: Mashrafe Mortaza (captain), Tamim Iqbal, Soumya Sarkar, Mominul Haque, Mushfiqur Rahim, Shakib Al Hasan, Sabbir Rahman, Nasir Hossain, Arafat Sunny, Taskin Ahmed, Rubel Hossain, Rony Talukdar, Mustafizur Rahman, Litton Das.
