Rato, a former Spanish economy minister, has already been sentenced to four years and six months in a separate case for misusing funds when he was the boss of Bankia, and Caja Madrid before that.
In a court filing seen by AFP today, Rato is accused along with three other executives of falsifying information about Bankia's financial state to encourage investors to buy into the stock market listing.
The near-collapse of Bankia almost brought down Spain's whole financial sector, which was bailed out later that year by international creditors for 41 billion euros ($46 billion).
Last year, Spain's Supreme Court ruled that "serious inaccuracies" in the information provided by Bankia led investors into error.
As the bank's "main executive," Rato was "fully aware of the inconsistency of the Bankia project and of its financial weakness" but still gave the green light for the listing, Spain's anti-corruption prosecution office argued.
But they have asked for charges of falsifying accounts to be dropped against Rato and 32 other executives.
And they also want the case to be dropped against Bankia itself as well as its parent company BFA.
Last year, the bank said it had paid out 1.2 billion euros in compensation to 1,90,000 small investors who bought into the failed listing, but added it still had about 30,000 pending claims to settle.
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