Hundreds of riot police carrying shields and batons barricaded the way to the parliament with concrete blocks and barbed wire, to prevent demonstrators reaching the building in the historic area of Bangkok.
The government of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra has been braced for the rally for several days, raising worries over the potential for fresh unrest in the politically-turbulent country as parliament gears up to debate an amnesty bill today afternoon.
An AFP reporter at the scene saw three water cannon trucks and several large police vans behind the police lines.
"Why does this government want a whitewash for those who have violated human rights?" Abhisit said to reporters as he marched.
The Democrat protestors are targeting a government-backed bill, which proposes an amnesty for those involved in political violence since the military coup that toppled divisive former premier Thaksin Shinawatra nearly seven years ago.
But anti-government factions fear it will be manipulated by the ruling Peau Thai government to waive convictions against Thaksin.
Thailand has been riven by political tensions since the overthrow of Thaksin, premier Yingluck's brother, who lives abroad but still draws loyalty among the kingdom's poor, rural working class.
Mass demonstrations, often involving bloodshed, have become a recurrent feature of Thailand's febrile politics in recent years, with ultra-royalist nationalist "Yellow Shirts" and their pro-Thaksin "Red Shirt" foes both taking to the streets.
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