May will now go head to head with Leadsom in an all-woman contest after justice secretary Michael Gove was eliminated from the Conservative party leadership race with the least votes in the second round of voting today.
"This vote proves the Conservative party can come together," May said after she received the backing of 199 Tory MPs compared to Leadsom's 84 and Gove's 46.
It is now certain that the winner will go on to become Britain's second female Prime Minister after Margaret Thatcher.
Today's results were announced at Westminster by Conservative MP Graham Brady, the chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee.
There had originally been five contenders to succeed Cameron, who had announced his resignation after Britain voted to leave the European Union (EU) in June 23 referendum.
The contest now moves to its final stage with the Conservative Party's 150,000-strong membership deciding between May, a Remain campaigner with a long track record in government, and Leadsom, a strong Brexit campaigner with a background in business by postal ballot.
His message read: "What if Theresa stumbles? Are we really confident that the membership won't vote for a fresh face who shares their attitudes about much of modern life, like they did with IDS [Ian Duncan Smith]?" It triggered a backlash, forcing Boles to apologise and claiming that Gove had no knowledge of his message.
It had led May to urge her supporters to not vote tactically as she once again called for a "proper contest".
"Under Theresa's leadership, the motives of the Conservative Party will never be in any doubt," said Indian-origin minister Priti Patel, a Brexit supporter who threw her support behind May earlier today.
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