The group recruited more than 600 people from Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia between 2007 and 2009, promising them work in Azerbaijan, a prosecutors' statement said.
"Upon their arrival to Azerbaijan the workers were held in inhuman conditions ... Their agreed salaries were not paid and they were forced to work overtime," it said.
The suspected traffickers earned at least 5.9 million convertible marks (USD 4.1 million), officials said.
Local media reported the victims were construction workers.
Its central bank puts unemployment at 27 per cent, while a further 17 per cent are stuck in the "grey economy" without benefits or insurance.
