The 68-year-old leftist leader's grip on power was slipping in a political and economic crisis rocking Latin America's biggest country less than four months before it hosts the Olympic Games.
Rousseff had been scratching around for support in the lower house of congress, which is scheduled to vote Sunday on whether to move forward with impeachment proceedings.
Today, she launched a fresh line of defense. Her government's top lawyer Jose Eduardo Cardozo filed an injunction to halt the weekend's proceedings.
The government's appeal alleged procedural failings in the case against Rousseff, saying it had violated her right to a defense.
"Evidence unrelated to the case has been included in the process, such as matters related to President Dilma (Rousseff)'s previous term," Cardozo said in the filing.
He called the impeachment drive "a truly kafkaesque process in which the accused is unable to know precisely what she is accused of or why."
Rousseff has vowed not to back down but repeated an offer to forge a political compromise with opponents if she survives the key vote on Sunday.
Rousseff today held a meeting with ministers and some of the lawmakers still loyal to her, a presidential source said, shortly before Cardozo announced his appeal.
Several of the parties in Rousseff's coalition have jumped ship, starting with the PSDB of her vice president Michel Temer.
Scores of lawmakers have turned against Rousseff, saying they will vote for impeachment.
That has brought the total number of lawmakers who could vote against her on Sunday ever closer to the two-thirds majority needed to pass the impeachment motion up to the Senate.
Rousseff has branded Temer a traitor.
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