Graphene may help generate power from rain

Solar cells could generate electricity even during rains by making use of the 'wonder material' graphene, scientists say.
Many technical advances have made solar cells quite efficient and affordable in recent years. A big disadvantage remains in the fact that solar cells produce no power when it is raining.
However, Chinese researchers have now introduced a new approach for making an all-weather solar cell that is triggered by both sunlight and raindrops.
For the conversion of solar energy to electricity, the team from the Ocean University of China and Yunnan Normal University developed a highly efficient dye-sensitised solar cell.
In order to allow rain to produce electricity as well, they coated this cell with a very thin film of graphene.

Graphene is a two-dimensional form of carbon in which the atoms are bonded into a honeycomb arrangement. It can readily be prepared by the oxidation, exfoliation and subsequent reduction of graphite.

Graphene is characterised by its unusual electronic properties: It conducts electricity and is rich in electrons that can move freely across the entire layer.
In aqueous solution, graphene can bind positively charged ions with its electrons. This property is used in graphene-based processes to remove lead ions and organic dyes from solutions.
This phenomenon inspired researchers to use graphene electrodes to obtain power from the impact of raindrops.
Raindrops are not pure water. They contain salts that dissociate into positive and negative ions. The positively charged ions, including sodium, calcium and ammonium ions, can bind to the graphene surface.

At the point of contact between the raindrop and the graphene, the water becomes enriched in positive ions and the graphene becomes enriched in delocalised electrons.
This results in a double-layer made of electrons and positively charged ions, a feature known as a pseudocapacitor. The difference in potential associated with this phenomenon is sufficient to produce a voltage and current.
The study was published in the journal Angewandte Chemie.