Obama's comments at a White House news conference yesterday came two days after cancelling a planned summit with Putin next month. Meanwhile, Secretary of State John Kerry and Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel ended talks with their Russian counterparts to see where cooperation is possible.
Those officials said they had made some tangible results on the push for a political solution to the crisis in Syria, among other issues.
He told reporters he decided not to attend the summit with Putin because "Russia has not moved" on a range of issues where the US would like to see progress. He said his unhappiness with Russia granting asylum to National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden was not the only reason.
Obama played down suggestions that he and Putin do not get along.
But he took a shot at the often dour-looking Russian leader for his demeanour in meetings and appearances before reporters.
"He's got that kind of slouch, looking like the bored kid in the back of the classroom," Obama said. "But the truth is, is that when we're in conversations together, oftentimes it's very productive."
He urged Putin to think in broad terms and not view the United States as an enemy. Obama also praised trade and arms control successes that the US and Russia were able to seal when he was dealing with former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.
