He said he welcomed US President Donald Trump's "insistence on new sanctions against Iran. I think other nations should follow suit, certainly responsible nation," as he accused Iran of "provocation after provocation".
"Iran seeks to annihilate Israel, it says so openly, it seeks to conquer the Middle East, it threatens Europe, it threatens the West, it threatens the world," he said.
"I'd like to talk to you on how we can ensure that Iran's aggression does not go unanswered," he told May.
Netanyahu is a fierce opponent of the deal with world powers, including Britain, in which Iran pledged to curb its nuclear programme in return for sanctions relief.
A spokeswoman for May said the two leaders would "talk about a range of security and international issues, including the Middle East peace process."
She said May would raise Britain's concern about how the "continued increase of settlements activity undermines trust."
There has been a sharp acceleration in Israeli settlement expansion plans since Trump took office last month, with more than 6,000 new homes announced in less than a fortnight.
Britain voted in favour of a UN Security Council resolution passed in December demanding a halt to settlement construction. The vote prompted Israel to temporarily scale back relations.
But Britain refused to sign the final statement of a Middle East peace conference held in Paris last month that was strongly opposed by Israel.
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