The Peugeot 607 was discovered abandoned, with its headlights flashing, at the weekend in a part of the city which is hugely popular with tourists, the sources said.
Anti-terror investigators have launched a probe and the man and woman, both known to security services, were arrested yesterday.
The car's owner, known to authorities for his Islamist preaching in the past, was released on Tuesday evening.
France remains on high alert after a string of jihadist attacks, including last November's coordinated Islamic State (IS) assaults in Paris by gunmen and suicide bombers who killed 130 people.
That cylinder was found to be empty but five full cylinders were found in the boot of the car.
No detonators were found, police said.
Photographs of the metallic silver-coloured car after it was discovered showed its boot open and the gas cannisters placed on the ground in a quiet side street opposite the cathedral.
Florence Berthout, the mayor of the district where the vehicle was found, complained in a letter to Paris' police chief that the car was "illegally parked for over two hours, despite several telephone calls to police headquarters".
IS said the driver, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, was one of its followers.
Less than two weeks later, two young jihadists murdered a priest near the northern city of Rouen.
Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said the latest arrests came at a time of heightened vigilance for potential attacks, but added that "the intentions of those arrested" were as yet unknown.
Notre Dame, renowned for its flying buttresses, stained glass windows and gargoyles, is one of Paris's most popular landmarks, attracting 13 million visitors each year.
Such attacks would create large numbers of victims without sacrificing suicide bombers, he told a parliamentary committee.
French security services are particularly worried about the danger posed by extremists returning from Syria after fighting with IS forces, with 700 French nationals still in the country, according to France's top prosecutor.
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