Finance Minister George Osborne said greater tax and spending powers would be announced in the coming days and would be implemented if Scotland votes on September 18 to remain in the 300-year-old union with England.
The government's offer came after a YouGov poll published in The Sunday Times newspaper gave the "Yes" camp 51 per cent support compared to the "No" camp's 49 per cent, excluding undecided voters. Six per cent said they had not made up their minds.
"Scotland faces a very big choice," Osborne told BBC television.
"If people were in any doubt that they can stay at home, that they don't need to go out to the polls and vote 'No' to avoid separation, they won't be in that doubt today.
"They should also be in no doubt about the consequences of this decision," the chancellor of the exchequer added.
"No ifs, no buts: we will not share the pound if Scotland separates from the rest of the UK."
Salmond says he would refuse to take on Scotland's share of the United Kingdom's debt post-independence if he does not get his way on a euro-style cross-border currency union.
Osborne said it was "clear" that Scots wanted greater autonomy and the three main United Kingdom-wide parties -- the Conservatives, their Liberal Democrat junior partners in government and the Labour opposition -- had agreed to "deliver" on that.
"You will see in the next few days a plan of action to give more powers to Scotland. More tax powers, more spending powers, more plans for powers over the welfare state," he said.
"They will both avoid the risks of separation but have more control over their own destiny, which is where I think many Scots want to be."
Any vote for Scotland to leave the UK would raise questions about Britain's standing in the international community and could put pressure on British Prime Minister David Cameron to stand down.
Scotland represents one-third of Britain's landmass and is home to Britain's submarine-based Trident nuclear deterrent, which the SNP says must be out of an independent Scotland by 2020.
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