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35 years of liberalisation
35 years of liberalisation
35 years of liberalisation: How the reforms bus bypassed India's farms
Three decades after economic liberalisation, India's farm sector still faces deep structural constraints, from weak markets and investment to subsidy dependence and resistance to reform
 "35 years of liberalisation")
35 yrs of liberalisation: Hyderabad's journey from IT hub to 'Future City'
Economic liberalisation, policy continuity and global investments transformed Hyderabad from a historic trading centre into a powerhouse of IT, pharma, GCCs and emerging technologies
Updated On : 30 Sep 2026 | 2:10 PM IST "35 years of liberalisation")
After every difficulty, we emerged much stronger: ITC's Sanjiv Puri
In an interview at the company's headquarters in Kolkata, Chairman and Managing Director Sanjiv Puri speaks to Ishita Ayan Dutt about how liberalisation transformed the competitive landscape
Updated On : 28 Sep 2026 | 11:59 PM IST "35 years of liberalisation")
India's space sector: Slow burn, hard-won successes - and then liftoff
From PSLV's breakthrough in the 1990s to Chandrayaan and private-sector reforms, India's space programme has transformed over 35 years
Updated On : 27 Sep 2026 | 11:38 PM IST "35 years of liberalisation")
Latest Updates on 35 years of liberalisation
1991 reforms: Quant analysis shows liberalisation gains are petering out
India's global percentile ranking has improved modestly since 1991, but weak per capita gains and external vulnerability remain key drags
 "1991 reforms: Quant analysis shows liberalisation gains are petering out")
How the fashionable Indian was spoilt for choice after 1991 reforms
Liberalisation brought a flood of international brands into India, but failed to help create a global brand from within the country
 "How the fashionable Indian was spoilt for choice after 1991 reforms")
Datanomics: Services cushion shrinks as trade deficit pushes CAD deeper
Within the BoP, the current account yielded a deficit (CAD) in the first quarter of financial year 2026-27 (Q1FY27), reversing the surplus seen in Q4FY26, as the merchandise trade deficit widened
 "Datanomics: Services cushion shrinks as trade deficit pushes CAD deeper")
35 years on, govt remains firmly in the business of doing business
India's privatisation drive has remained slow, with the government retaining a significant commercial presence across key sectors.
 "35 years on, govt remains firmly in the business of doing business")
'In 1991, we faced both an economic as well as external relations crisis'
Saran says that India must shore up relations in its neighbourhood before it can aim for global leadership and that it must not succumb to pressure from the United States
 "'In 1991, we faced both an economic as well as external relations crisis'")
35 years of liberalisation: India's workforce remains largely informal
Despite decades of economic reforms, informal and contractual work remains entrenched as weak manufacturing growth, small firms and skill gaps constrain formal job creation
 "35 years of liberalisation: India's workforce remains largely informal")
Setting up NSE was the biggest reform in the capital mkts: Raamdeo Agrawal
Raamdeo Agrawal, cofounder and chairman of Motilal Oswal Financial Services talks about how reforms changed the equity culture in India
 "Setting up NSE was the biggest reform in the capital mkts: Raamdeo Agrawal")
India Inc failed to ramp up R&D spends despite '90s economic reform push
Cumulative spending on R&D was just $7.2 bn in FY26, against $61 bn spent by Alphabet alone in 2025
 "India Inc failed to ramp up R&D spends despite '90s economic reform push")
How reforms in banking shifted from boosting competition to building scale
On July 21, 1993, RBI provided in-principle approval to HDFC and Unit Trust of India, or UTI (its lender later became Axis Bank), for starting banking companies
 "How reforms in banking shifted from boosting competition to building scale")
Ease of doing business is not a consideration even today: Anjan Chatterjee
Speciality Restaurants' Anjan Chatterjee on liberalisation, scaling brands, competition and the challenges confronting India's restaurant industry
 "Ease of doing business is not a consideration even today: Anjan Chatterjee")
The economic reforms paradox: A few states dominate FDI inflows
Just seven states accounted for nearly 82% of all FDI equity inflows to India from January 2000 to March 2026
 "The economic reforms paradox: A few states dominate FDI inflows")
The battle for shelf space: How reforms ramped up competition in FMCG
India's FMCG market evolves from global-brand dominance to fierce local, regional and digital competition
 "The battle for shelf space: How reforms ramped up competition in FMCG")
35 yrs of liberalisation: Tax system makes progress, but reforms unfinished
India's tax system has come a long way since 1991, but simplifying GST, clearing tax disputes and improving taxpayer services remain key priorities
 "35 yrs of liberalisation: Tax system makes progress, but reforms unfinished")
Tiruppur: How a small cluster turned into a textile export powerhouse
From ₹429 crore in 1991, exports from India's knitwear capital have grown to ₹46,000 crore with markets spanning 50-plus countries
 "Tiruppur: How a small cluster turned into a textile export powerhouse")
Wholesale changes have not happened in civil services: M Veerappa Moily
There is a pronounced tendency to centralise now… Centralisation will not take the country forward, either socially or economically, he said
 "Wholesale changes have not happened in civil services: M Veerappa Moily")
The word control had become anathema for us in 1991: Sudha Pillai
Pillai tells that the CCI could have done more to curb concentration, and social protection should have featured more prominently in the reforms
 "The word control had become anathema for us in 1991: Sudha Pillai")