The Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur begins on Friday evening, followed on Saturday by Muslim Eid al-Adha, against a backdrop of high inter-religious tension over the seven-week Gaza war.
Israeli security forces have said they will deploy additional personnel in east Jerusalem and the West Bank city of Hebron.
The authorities have also come to agreements with the Jewish and Muslim communities in mixed Israeli cities on the timing of celebrations.
While Muslims celebrate with outings to see friends and family as well as feasting, Jews spend 25 hours in prayer and fasting and refrain from driving.
Anyone driving on Yom Kippur risks stone throwing by observant Jews who have even been known to attack Israeli ambulances and police vehicles.
The clash of festivals has not occurred for 33 years because the two faiths use different lunar calendars.
This time it follows a 50-day conflict in and around Gaza that killed nearly 2,200 Palestinians and more than 70 Israelis, ending with a ceasefire on August 26.
The site -- the third holiest place in Islam, and the holiest in Judaism -- is the scene of frequent confrontations between police and stone-throwing Palestinian youths.
Israeli security forces control access to the site, and will allow Muslims to enter on Saturday for dawn prayers, Samri said.
In the city of Hebron, which sees daily confrontations between Jewish settlers and Palestinians -- or between Palestinians and police -- soldiers will be manning dozens of checkpoints.
Worshippers from both faiths are to head for the Ibrahimi Mosque, or known by Jews as the Cave of the Patriarchs -- the scene of a massacre of 29 Muslims by a Jewish extremist gunman in 1994.
Mosque director Hijazi Abu Sneineh told AFP that Muslim prayer -- normally not allowed on Saturdays, the Jewish day of rest -- will this Eid be permitted at dawn.
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