A series of measures have failed to curb overheated virtual currency speculation in the country and Justice Minister Park Sang-Ki said it would be "devastating if the bubble bursts".
"The ministry is preparing legislation that basically bans any transactions based on a virtual currency through the trading floor," he told journalists.
Authorities had "grave concerns" over the craze and were "aiming to close virtual currency exchanges" in the country, he said.
"It has started to resemble gambling and speculation," Park added.
Park's remarks sent bitcoin prices plunging 18 percent on South Korean exchange Bithumb, while ethereum slumped 23 percent.
Bithumb -- one of around 20 virtual currency exchanges in South Korea -- was raided by tax authorities on Wednesday who inspected the company's documents.
On the same day financial authorities inspected six local banks that offered virtual accounts for corporate customers.
Last month Seoul banned its financial firms from dealing in virtual currencies.
It has also warned most cryptocurrencies were being traded in South Korea at far higher prices than elsewhere in the world, blaming factors including "blind speculation".
An official at the Financial Supervisory Service, South Korea's top financial regulator, said the closure of local exchanges represented a "very strong measure" against virtual coins.
The move would "effectively suffocate" cryptocurrency transactions within the country by creating "enormous obstacles" for traders, he told AFP.
US billionaire investor Warren Buffet told CNBC on Wednesday the global craze over bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies would meet a "bad ending".
The price of bitcoin surged in 2017 from a low of around $750 in early January to a record above $19,500 in mid- December, before tumbling on global exchanges, according to Bloomberg News. It bought around $13,500 in afternoon trade today.
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