What is hypoglycaemia or low blood sugar?
- It’s most common in people with diabetes, particularly Type 1.
- In diabetics, it’s usually defined as blood glucose below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).
- In non-diabetics, hypoglycaemia often means a reading below 55 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), depending on the context.
What causes sudden low blood sugar in non-diabetics?
- Skipping meals or delayed eating
- Prolonged physical activity without enough food intake
- Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach
- Certain medications that affect glucose regulation
- Underlying metabolic, hormonal, liver or kidney conditions
What are the warning signs of hypoglycaemia?
- Shaking or trembling
- Sweating, clammy skin
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Hunger, anxiety, or irritability
- Slurred speech, confusion, blurry vision
- Loss of coordination
- Fainting or seizures
Why is it dangerous?
Who is at higher risk?
- People with diabetes (especially on insulin or sulfonylureas)
- Those with a history of hypoglycaemic episodes
- Older adults
- People with liver/kidney disease
- Individuals who skip meals, fast, or undergo extreme physical stress
What should you do if blood sugar drops?
- Check blood sugar (if a glucometer or CGM is available).
- Follow the “15-15 rule” — consume 15–20g of fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., juice, glucose tablets), wait 15 minutes, and recheck.
- Repeat if symptoms persist or levels remain low.
- Follow up with a balanced meal/snack (carbs + protein) once stable.
- If the person becomes unconscious, do not feed orally — seek emergency help or use a rescue treatment (like glucagon).
How can you prevent it?
- Eat regular, balanced meals
- Don’t skip meals or snacks
- Monitor glucose levels (especially if diabetic or on medications)
- Be mindful during heavy physical activity or fasting
- Keep fast-acting carbs handy
- Consult your doctor to adjust medications or manage recurring episodes
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