By 2025-26 the primary sector's share had roughly halved to about 18%, the tertiary sector had surged to some 56% and industry sat almost exactly where it began, at around 25%
In 1991, five years into the Doi Moi reforms, Vietnam's per capita income was $141, less than half of India's. Today it is $4,829, nearly twice that of India
Three decades after liberalisation transformed its auto industry, Chennai has built a deep manufacturing and talent ecosystem and is emerging as a global hub for vehicles, components and EVs
Defence production has risen 140% since FY17, while private-sector output has grown 198%, as policy reforms increasingly open strategic programmes to industry.
N K Singh recalls the circumstances under which India liberalised its economy. He discusses how India can negotiate a highly uncertain world now, while retaining its growth momentum
India's development ambitions will depend not on promises alone, but on sustained reforms, better-designed welfare, inclusive products, capable leadership and accountability
Once labelled a "sunset industry", India's steel sector has been transformed by liberalisation, private investment and consolidation into a key driver of the country's growth
Subhash Chandra says India's media industry has become a ₹2.7-trillion powerhouse, expanded the country's global cultural influence and created millions of jobs since liberalisation
Former finance minister Yashwant Sinha says his 1990 mini Budget shaped Manmohan Singh's 1991 speech, while calling for continuous reforms and infrastructure-led demand growth
Three decades of reforms, technology and regulation have transformed India's capital markets into one of the world's most efficient, transparent and accessible investment ecosystems
Howrah's famed foundry belt awaits a revival as industry hopes a new political climate will attract investment and restore the 'Sheffield of the East' to prominence
Thirty-five years after the landmark reforms of 1991, the numbers show how India's economy, businesses and households have changed - and why the next phase of reforms will matter just as much
India's economic reforms changed the course of industries from IT and pharma to retail and aviation. Here's a look at the biggest winners and the challenges that continue today
