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Loved, feared: Micromanager-in-Chief Narendra Modi upends how India is run

Modi stunned the country in November when he canceled nearly 90% of its paper money

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Raymond Zhong, Niharika Mandhana, Rajesh Roy | WSJ New Delhi
Prime minister is the most powerful Indian leader in a generation, working in secret and challenging bureaucrats; cabinet got 20-minute heads-up on cash crunch.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi stunned the country in November when he canceled nearly 90% of its paper money. For weeks, tens of millions of people lined up daily at banks to redeem old bills. Sales at cash-dependent businesses collapsed. The growth of Asia’s third-largest economy slowed to a two-year low.

It was a quintessential move by Mr. Modi, planned in secret with a handful of close advisers. He announced it to the country only hours