It is an irony that Japan’s youth are no longer enamoured with cars. In the 1980s, Japan took superpower US by storm, with its superior automobiles and electronics. It made deep inroads into the latter’s economy, throwing Detroit’s Big Three into a tizzy and prompting historian Paul Kennedy to write The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers about the demise of US hegemony.
Japanese carmakers, though their unique techniques such as kaizen (small but constant improvements), a lean manufacturing system that includes a just-in-time production method (to eliminate muda, that is, waste/profligacy at the inventory level) and a collective and
