Russia strengthens its internet censorship powers

Russia's censorship technology sits between companies that provide inter­net access and people who are brow­sing the web on a phone or laptop

Russia’s boldest moves to censor the internet began in the most mundane of ways — with a series of bureau­crat­ic emails and forms.

The messages, sent by Russia’s powerful internet regulator, demanded technical details — like traffic numbers, equipment specifications and connection speeds — from companies that provide internet and telecommunications services across the country. Then the black boxes arrived.

The telecom companies had no choice but to step aside as government-approved technicians installed the equipment alongside their own systems and servers. Sometimes caged behind lock and key, the new gear linked back to a command center in Moscow, giving authorities startling