 "Photo: PTI")
The rise in women voters hasn’t translated into significantly more women finding representation in the Karnataka Assembly.
Women accounted for 26.3 million votes in the recently concluded state elections, while men made for 26.6 million votes. That’s 49.7 per cent share in votes from women. Yet, women have only 5 per cent share in the Karnataka state legislature.
The 10 elected women members in a 224-seat Assembly is itself a record, though a few previous elections came close to that number. The recent low was in 2008, when women accounted for only 1 per cent of the legislature .
This is despite the fact that women have been closing the participation gap in terms of voting. Only 52.8 per cent of eligible women had voted in the 1962 elections. This has since risen to 72.7 per cent. The voter turnout for men has risen from 64.87 per cent to 73.68 per cent during the same period. The gap between men and women voters is now less than 1 per cent. It was 12.1 per cent in 1962.
Karnataka Panchayati Raj reservations had some positive effects, though it is difficult to establish a significant reordering of priorities or improved accountability, according to a 2003 study entitled “Engineering Elections: The Experiences of Women in Panchayati Raj in Karnataka, India,” by Neema Kudva of the Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University.
“...it has made women more visible, decreased levels of corruption in Panchayati Raj institutions, and increased self-efficiency of women representatives,” the study said.
Parliament is yet to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, which would reserve one-third seats across state legislatures for them. It would also apply at the Centre in the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha had 14.4 per cent representation of women after the 2019 general elections. Parliament has discussed various versions of the Women’s Reservation Bill since 1996.
