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What is identity?

Both books help explain so much more than Trump. #MeToo. White nationalism. Hindu nationalism. Black Lives Matter. Campus debates about privilege and appropriation. Syria. Islamism

People gather for a rally in protest of the shootings of African-American men by police in Minnesota and in Baton Rouge, La., at Lee Circle in New Orleans on Friday  Photo: PTI
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People gather for a rally in protest of the shootings of African-American men by police in Minnesota and in Baton Rouge, La., at Lee Circle in New Orleans on Friday Photo: PTI

Anand Giridharadas | NYT
IDENTITY
The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment
Francis Fukuyama
Farrar, Straus & Giroux
218 pages; $26
 
THE LIES THAT BIND

Rethinking Identity: Creed, Country, Color, Class, Culture
Kwame Anthony Appiah
Liveright Publishing
256 pages; $27.95
 
A Japanese-American political scientist and a Ghanaian-British-American philosopher walk into a bar where a brawl over identity is underway. “Stop fighting!” the philosopher cries. “The identities you’re fighting for are lies.” The political scientist steps forward. “They’re not lies,” he says. “They’re just the wrong identities to be fighting for!”
 
The scholars succeed in ending the conflict, because the