 "Anwar H Shaik")
Turkiye pulled out of the Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) discussion at the WTO on Feb 1, 2023. More members will follow suit not just because of IFD's defective birth investment's negative mandate in line with the July 2004 General Council Decision, but for the implications of the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism from International Investment Agreements (IIA).
Germany, Spain, France, Netherlands, and Italy pulled out of the Energy Charter Treaty last year to stave off the ISDS mechanism. So far, 30 of the 53 members of the Energy Charter have faced 150 ISDS disputes.
The provision of the ISDS
