Finance Ministry rejects claims of US pressure behind UPI MDR, as Opposition parties and trader groups demand reconsideration of the new merchant fee
Experts say GST will raise the upfront cost of accepting eligible UPI payments, but registered businesses can offset the tax through input tax credit, subject to applicable rules.
Industry body says the charge could drive small merchants back to cash, weaken formalisation and undermine digital payment adoption during the festive season across India.
The Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) charges on UPI transactions above Rs 2,000 could push small merchants and price-sensitive consumers back towards cash, economic think tank GTRI said on Wednesday.
The government has said the MDR will apply within the merchant payment ecosystem and will not be charged to consumers
The finance ministry on Wednesday clarified that there was no foreign influence behind the decision to impose 0.4 per cent Merchant Discount Rate on UPI transactions above Rs 2,000
Under the statutory framework, these payment settlement services will now attract an 18 per cent GST on the MDR billed to merchants
The proposal is expected to bring more than 5.1 million additional employees under mandatory EPFO coverage
New UPI MDR rules will apply to select merchant transactions, but consumers can continue using UPI for daily payments, QR payments and AutoPay without transaction charges
The new UPI MDR ends its zero-cost model for select high-value merchant payments; here is how the 0.4 per cent charge compares with what merchants pay to accept debit and credit cards
Sitharaman also praised the contribution of tax policy expert Parthasarathi Shome, who chairs ITRAF, recalling her interaction with him after she became Minister of State for Finance in 2014
The commerce ministry sought ₹23,000 crore ($2.40 billion) from the finance ministry under the programme for 2026/27
UPI MDR has sparked a debate among major fintech players, with some calling it necessary for sustainability while others question the cost burden on merchants and businesses
From October 15, a 0.4 per cent Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) will apply to person-to-merchant UPI payments above ₹2,000
The RBI, since last month, has been conducting various VRRR auctions in order to absorb surplus liquidity from the banking system and align the overnight money market rates to the repo rate
UPI payments above ₹2,000 will attract a merchant fee for eligible businesses from October 15. Here's how small shopkeepers can check if the new MDR rules apply to them
With less than 1,000 businesses opting for the EMI scheme, the CBIC 'substantially reduced' the data and documentation requirements for businesses who enrol under the scheme
At the interbank foreign exchange market, the rupee opened at 95.89 against the US dollar and fell further to 95.91, trading 3 paise lower from its previous close
In a post on X, the central bank said the move would help UPI continue to scale and innovate while serving consumers and businesses across the country
Sources stress MDR is not a tax on UPI, since the fee is distributed among participants in the payments chain rather than accruing to the government