A year on, India-Pakistan trade relations leapfrog

Saturday would mark the completion of a year of history being made in India-Pakistan trade relations. On April 28, 2011, both sides had issued an ambitious joint statement that vowed to improve trade ties between the neighbours, a move that had raised several eyebrows.

The statement was issued after the fifth round of commercial and economic cooperation talks between India’s Commerce Secretary Rahul Khullar and his Pakistani counterpart, Zafar Mahmood, in Islamabad. The talks were spearheaded by Commerce & Industry and Textiles Minister Anand Sharma and Pakistan Commerce Minister Makhdoom Amin Fahim, though the foundation was laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his counterpart, Yousuf Raza Gilani. The discussions had heralded a new future in bilateral economic relations.

 

The statement had proposed some far-reaching and ambitious targets, which at that time seemed impossible to achieve, given the history of the two nuclear-armed neighbours. The proposals were strengthened by the successive visits of Fahim and Mahmood to India and Sharma’s visit to Pakistan earlier this year.

One of the primary proposals in the joint statement was Pakistan granting a trade status of most-favoured nation (MFN) to India to increase trade between the two.

In November 2011, Pakistan’s Cabinet gave an in-principle approval for ‘trade normalisation’ with India, and said the MFN status would be granted gradually. It was understood that when the MFN status would be granted, all items, excluding those in the South Asian Free Trade Agreement sensitive list, would get preferential access at the peak tariff level of five per cent by the end of 2012.

In March, Pakistan did away with the positive list with India completely, and introduced a negative list. So far, Pakistan had maintained a so-called ‘positive list’ for trading with India. This list accounted for 1,963 items it could import from India.

However, now, it opened its markets to a much wider range of Indian goods, though it introduced a negative list of 1,209 items it couldn’t import from India. As a result, India can now export more than 7,500 tariff lines to Pakistan. The move was hailed by business communities from both sides.

Though it was initially planned that Pakistan would introduce the negative list by October 2011, the process was delayed, as India was not able to remove some non-tariff barriers it had promised, to increase the flow of Pakistani goods into Indian markets. Also, the Pakistan business community was apprehensive of domestic industry being hit by the flooding of Indian goods in that country.

Another significant proposal in the joint statement was the relaxation of the visa rules for businessmen. The joint working group set up for this purpose had finalised a proposal that would reduce the paperwork required to secure visas and do away with the mandatory police reporting for those visiting India for business purposes.
 

INDO-PAK TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

April 28, 2011: Commerce secretaries of India and Pakistan issue a joint statement that aims to boost trade ties significantly

September 26, 2011: Pakistan Commerce Minister Makhdoom Amin Fahim assures progress on MFN status to India, seeks removal of non-tariff barriers

November 2, 2011: Pakistan Cabinet approves MFN status to India, but later retracts and gives in-principle approval for ‘trade normalisation’ with India

November 13, 2011: Pakistan Commerce Secretary Zafar Mahmood visits India, assures a shorter negative list and promises removal of positive list

February 13, 2012: Commerce & Industry Minister Anand Sharma leaves for a three-day visit to Pakistan with a Ficci delegation

February 29, 2012: Pakistan announces transition from positive list to negative list and says the negative list would be removed by December

March 20, 2012: Pakistan notifies negative list with India, banning 1,209 items and opening more than 7,500 tariff lines

April 8, 2012: Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari visits India. He discusses issues ranging from trade to terrorism with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

April 12, 2012: Commerce & Industry Minister Anand Sharma inaugurates ‘Lifestyle Pakistan’, which exhibits various goods from Pakistan

April 13, 2012: Commerce & Industry Minister Anand Sharma and Home Minister P Chidambaram inaugurate the integrated Attari-Wagah check post

May 2012 (proposed) - Commerce Secretary Rahul Khullar expected to visit Pakistan to assess progress

The Ministry of Home Affairs has now approved a policy with two broad categories of criteria, based on which a Pakistani businessman can secure a single entry or multiple entries in a year. The home secretaries of both countries would meet by the end of next month, after which the new visa rules would be notified.

The long-drawn proposal of opening bank branches in each other’s territory has also made considerable progress. Officials from both central banks, the Reserve Bank of India and the State Bank of Pakistan, had recently met and finalised a deal to open banking outlets in each other’s country, a move that would reduce transaction costs for exporters. Approvals of India’s Department of Economic Affairs and the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion and Pakistan’s finance ministry are awaited.

An integrated checkpost at the Wagah-Attari border was scheduled to be made operational by October 2011 to boost trade through the land route. However, it was opened earlier this month. As a result, trading hours would now be increased and infrastructure for large container vehicles would be set up.

The checkpost at the border was opened days after Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari visited India and held extensive discussions with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. External Affairs Minister S M Krishna said both leaders discussed significant changes in economic relations. He added Prime Minister Singh had told Zardari to take strong action against terrorism to ensure a smooth bilateral relationship.

In another significant step, India would soon allow foreign direct investment from Pakistan by amending the Foreign Exchange Management Act. Though the government has already given its in-principle nod to the proposal, the formalities are still being worked. The ministries of home, defence and finance, which had earlier expressed reservations on the move, are now on board and it is expected the Reserve Bank of India would notify the rules soon.

Both countries have also agreed to try and increase bilateral trade from the current $2.7 billion a year to $6 billion by 2013-14.