Nicotine in toenails to predict heart disease risk

An international team has carried out the study on more than 60,000 female nurses and found double the level of nicotine in those with heart disease than those without the cardiovascular condition.  

According to researchers, it is well established that smokers have a higher risk of heart disease and this test will help to predict the chance.  

 

Study leader Dr Wael Al-Delaimy said because toenails grow slowly