What constitutes a good UBI?

The lack of "universality" becomes the biggest problem in any Universal Basic Income scheme since it raises the challenges of effective targeting

The idea of Universal Basic Income (UBI) seems to have made a permanent entry into the Indian policy lexicon. The NDA government took its first step with PM-KISAN and the Congress manifesto promised Nyuntam Aay Yojana (NYAY). Telangana and Odisha have had their own cash transfer programmes for a while and Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal and Jharkhand might have their variants soon.
 
UBI in its textbook avatar rests on three pillars — it is unconditional and universal, and involves a fixed amount of cash transfer. Developed eco­nomies including the US, Canada and Finland have run pilot programmes to