Page 3 - Latest Updates on 35 years of liberalisation

Kolkata's tryst with reforms: IT, retail gained but past glory elusive

Even as new-age offices and crisscrossing flyovers reshaped the skyline, Kolkata's image changed only fleetingly

How liberalisation pushed power sector from persistent outages to surpluses

Three decades of reforms have taken India's power sector from chronic shortages to near-universal access and surplus capacity, but discom finances remain a key challenge

35 years of liberalisation: How aviation reforms gave wings to pvt sector

The reforms of 1991 triggered the first wave of private airlines, yet most entered a sector that demanded far deeper financial resources than anticipated

35 years of liberalisation: Telecom, the sunrise sector of the reforms era

Three decades after liberalisation, telecom has evolved from a scarce state-run utility into the backbone of India's digital economy

1991 reforms demonstrated confidence that we could compete: Rakesh Mohan

Rakesh Mohan talks about the trajectory of India's economic development, why the reforms could be pulled off as quickly as they were, and what India can do now to boost manufacturing

Rallies and reversals since 1991: The lessons for Indian investors

Avoid leverage, respect valuations and let earnings, cash flows and balance sheet strength, not narratives, guide investment decisions

How Indian economy has transformed since the landmark 1991 reforms

By 2025-26 the primary sector's share had roughly halved to about 18%, the tertiary sector had surged to some 56% and industry sat almost exactly where it began, at around 25%

Reforms@35: India grew nine-fold, but its Asian peers grew faster

In 1991, five years into the Doi Moi reforms, Vietnam's per capita income was $141, less than half of India's. Today it is $4,829, nearly twice that of India

35 years of liberalisation: From Detroit of Asia to Chennai for the World

Three decades after liberalisation transformed its auto industry, Chennai has built a deep manufacturing and talent ecosystem and is emerging as a global hub for vehicles, components and EVs

India's defence sector reaches an inflexion point as private firms rise

Defence production has risen 140% since FY17, while private-sector output has grown 198%, as policy reforms increasingly open strategic programmes to industry.

35 years of liberalisation: How IT sector became India's dollar engine

India's IT industry was built not just on Y2K, but on the 1991 reforms that opened capital, technology, telecom and global markets, creating a powerful engine of exports and foreign exchange

We ducked more basic reforms because of success of 1991 talks: N K Singh

N K Singh recalls the circumstances under which India liberalised its economy. He discusses how India can negotiate a highly uncertain world now, while retaining its growth momentum

Datanomics: West Asia conflict and India's petroleum trade diversification

India's development ambitions will depend not on promises alone, but on sustained reforms, better-designed welfare, inclusive products, capable leadership and accountability

'Sunset industry' that became the frame for India's post-reforms growth

Once labelled a "sunset industry", India's steel sector has been transformed by liberalisation, private investment and consolidation into a key driver of the country's growth

'Media industry has expanded India's cultural influence since 1991'

Subhash Chandra says India's media industry has become a ₹2.7-trillion powerhouse, expanded the country's global cultural influence and created millions of jobs since liberalisation

'India began drug discovery before China, but China has moved years ahead'

India's pharma industry must pivot from global leadership in generics to innovation, backed by stronger policy, R&D funding and regulatory reforms, says Satish Reddy

Reforms@35: From UTI monopoly and assured returns to SIP investment boom

How the continuing reforms in the MF space have created an over ₹82 trillion powerhouse

1991 marked a paradigm shift in industrial, trade policy: Jairam Ramesh

Jairam Ramesh says the 1991 reforms transformed India's economy, but reviving private investment is now the country's biggest economic policy challenge

Big Shift after 1991: Only 7 of 30 Sensex companies still remain in index

The dropout rate of companies in index surged in post-liberalisation economy, even as Indian equities joined the global asset pool, with the entry of foreign institutional investors in the late 1990s