Liberalisation

The battle for shelf space: How reforms ramped up competition in FMCG

India's FMCG market evolves from global-brand dominance to fierce local, regional and digital competition

Mills to malls: How the Maximum City transformed from Bombay to Mumbai

How liberalisation, land-use reforms, technology, finance and infrastructure transformed Mumbai from a mill-driven industrial city into a sprawling services and financial hub

Incomplete 1991 reforms failed to foster India's industrialisation: Nayyar

Nayyar speaks about the vulnerabilities in India's reform journey and what needs to be done to realise its demographic dividend and avoid the middle-income trap

We ducked more basic reforms because of success of 1991 talks: N K Singh

N K Singh recalls the circumstances under which India liberalised its economy. He discusses how India can negotiate a highly uncertain world now, while retaining its growth momentum

'India began drug discovery before China, but China has moved years ahead'

India's pharma industry must pivot from global leadership in generics to innovation, backed by stronger policy, R&D funding and regulatory reforms, says Satish Reddy

The reform booster shot that transformed India into pharmacy of the world

From generics to global leadership, India's pharmaceutical industry has transformed since 1991. Its next challenge is becoming a global hub for breakthrough drug innovation

1991 Budget speech was Freedom Day for us; whole world was open: Mittal

Sunil Bharti Mittal says the 1991 reforms transformed India's business landscape, paving the way for Airtel, and calls for continued reforms to sustain growth

From scarcity to scale: How the 1991 reforms transformed India's economy

Thirty-five years after the landmark reforms of 1991, the numbers show how India's economy, businesses and households have changed - and why the next phase of reforms will matter just as much

35 years of liberalisation: Which sectors emerged as biggest winners?

India's economic reforms changed the course of industries from IT and pharma to retail and aviation. Here's a look at the biggest winners and the challenges that continue today

1991 reforms trusted mkts; now RBI should trust exporters and importers

The government responded to a grave foreign exchange crisis by progressively liberalising, rather than perpetuating restrictions on access to foreign exchange and imports

We realised after 1991 that we have to innovate, not wait in Delhi: Murthy

As long as we have corporate leaders who understand the power of AI and ensure that their employees are well trained, I do not see any problem, says Infosys cofounder N R Narayana Murthy

35 years of liberalisation: Why India had no choice but to open its economy

In 1991, India faced one of the worst economic crises in its history. With foreign exchange reserves nearly exhausted and the country on the brink of default

Half a lifetime after the 1991 reforms: Lotuses bloom in muddy waters

Thirty-five years after the 1991 reforms, India has grown dramatically but unfinished reforms, weak public services and job creation remain major challenges T N Ninan

Economic reforms: India needs a second wave to sustain high growth

Thirty-five years after the 1991 reforms, India needs a new reform wave focused on deregulation, stronger state capacity, judicial efficiency and faster growth

Desi Disruptors: The journeys of Indian brands that changed the game

The journeys of 26 brands, mostly since liberalisation, show how brands can drive trial and loyalty

Wave of liberalisation sweeps banking industry as RBI eases rules

But not too many will be surprised if RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra plays the Santa Claus in December, bringing an early Christmas

Art and science of central banking: RBI governors since 1991 reforms

While the liberalisation led to higher economic growth, it didn't leave the subsequent governors without any challenges

Trade policy reforms urged as India, US eye deal before tariff deadline

India should consider broader trade liberalisation

Panel Discussion: Quarter of a Century Since Liberalisation: What Next? | BFSI Insight Summit 2024

Business Standard BFSI Insight Summit brings together thought leaders from India’s financial landscape, including regulators, leading banks, NBFCs, mutual funds, and insurance companies.

'Every Indian owes you a debt': Ratan Tata's letter to former PM goes viral

In a letter, philanthropist and industrialist Ratan Tata conveyed his admiration for former Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao's "outstanding achievement" in initiating vital economic reforms in India