India lost their first 2 wickets before stumps and now face a daunting task of batting for 3 full sessions in order to salvage a draw on the final day.
The declaration has handed India a daunting 549-run target to chase, a total that seems nearly impossible to chase down on a deteriorating pitch.
India have basically 3 and a half session to try and hold on their wickets and fight for a draw as going for a such a mammoth total on a deteriorating wicket is almost impossible.
Openers Ryan Rickelton (35 off 64) and Aiden Markram (29 off 84) continued their good form, stitching together another fifty-run stand. However, Jadeja broke through with two key wickets.
Indian batting order experienced a collapse that saw go down from 95/1 to 119/6 on the day.
The last instance where India lost a Test by an innings at home occurred over 15 years ago, during the 1st Test in Nagpur from February 6-9, 2010, when South Africa toured India.
Despite Jansen's disappointment, South Africa can be immensely proud of their effort. They forced India to grind through 151.1 overs, completely reversing the momentum on Day 2.
At stumps, Senuran Muthusamy was unbeaten on 25 with new batter Kyle Verreynne at the other end as Mohammed Siraj had Tony de Zorzi (28) caught behind.
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Two specialist batters, B Sai Sudharsan and Devdutt Padikkal, are available, along with seam-bowling allrounder Nitish Kumar Reddy, who rejoins the squad after being rested for the first Test.
The loss adds pressure on India, who have now suffered three defeats in the current WTC cycle, including two earlier in England.
The second Test will be played in Guwahati from November 22-26. It was SA's first Test win in India in 15 years.
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The highest successful run chase at the Eden Gardens dates back more than 20 years, when India chased down 117 against South Africa in 2004
A major boost for India came in the form of Rishabh Pant's comeback from a foot injury that kept him out of action for three Tests.
Young captain Shubman Gill will rely on experienced campaigners like Jasprit Bumrah and Mohammed Siraj, while Rishabh Pant is set to return after a lengthy injury layoff.
South Africa entered the opening Test without their premier fast bowler, Kagiso Rabada, who was sidelined due to a rib injury.
India have received a major boost with Rishabh Pant returning from the foot injury that sidelined him for three Tests.
Under the new leadership of Shubman Gill, the hosts aim to continue their impressive home record, especially after bouncing back strongly from a 2-2 draw in ENG and the rare 3-0 loss to NZ last year.
Eden Gardens, historically known for its batting-friendly surfaces that occasionally offer assistance to spinners, may play differently this time.