Economic Reforms

35 years of liberalisation: Telecom, the sunrise sector of the reforms era

Three decades after liberalisation, telecom has evolved from a scarce state-run utility into the backbone of India's digital economy

Redeeming our 'Tryst With Destiny': India's road map to Viksit Bharat

India has declared its ambition to become a developed nation by 2047. What it needs now is a credible, measurable roadmap to turn that ambition into reality

Datanomics: West Asia conflict and India's petroleum trade diversification

India's development ambitions will depend not on promises alone, but on sustained reforms, better-designed welfare, inclusive products, capable leadership and accountability

Reforms for higher growth: India must capitalise on international trade

India needs faster tariff cuts, deeper trade integration and stronger investment treaties to boost exports, attract FDI and sustain the high growth needed to become a developed economy

1991 reforms were born of compulsion, not choice: FM Nirmala Sitharaman

Adds economy became top of agenda only circa 2000

'India began drug discovery before China, but China has moved years ahead'

India's pharma industry must pivot from global leadership in generics to innovation, backed by stronger policy, R&D funding and regulatory reforms, says Satish Reddy

India must sustain 9.25% growth for 21 years to achieve 2047 goal: Lahiri

NITI Aayog Vice-Chairman Ashok Lahiri says India must sustain 9.25 per cent annual nominal growth for 21 years, backed by reforms, to achieve developed-country status by 2047

Reforms@35: From UTI monopoly and assured returns to SIP investment boom

How the continuing reforms in the MF space have created an over ₹82 trillion powerhouse

India must fix its jobless growth model to harness the Gen Z opportunity

Its jobless growth model needs serious course correction

India needs lasting reforms to attract foreign capital, not stopgaps

Without credible investment protection, the FTA alone is unlikely to attract the manufacturing FDI India needs to create jobs

From scarcity to scale: How the 1991 reforms transformed India's economy

Thirty-five years after the landmark reforms of 1991, the numbers show how India's economy, businesses and households have changed - and why the next phase of reforms will matter just as much

35 years of liberalisation: Which sectors emerged as biggest winners?

India's economic reforms changed the course of industries from IT and pharma to retail and aviation. Here's a look at the biggest winners and the challenges that continue today

Best of BS Opinion: Reviving 1991 reform spirit vital for India's growth

Today's Best of BS Opinion examines lessons from the 1991 reforms, safeguards for offline UPI, enterprise digital infrastructure, state capacity and the costs of children growing up online

Economic reforms: India needs a second wave to sustain high growth

Thirty-five years after the 1991 reforms, India needs a new reform wave focused on deregulation, stronger state capacity, judicial efficiency and faster growth

The unbearable lightness of trade deals

India's recent flurry of FTAs is an excellent start, but it is only a start

India's regulators need more independent voices, less insider control

Complex markets require independent voices and diverse expertise. India's regulatory architecture is missing both

Reform delayed is reform denied: Time to make reforms part of everyday life

We have missed the bus before, but now reforms must become part of everyday conversation

The Greenspan era: "Great moderation" can lead to great disruption

Alan Greenspan's legacy spans economic stability, financial deregulation and debate over the 2008 crisis, while his views on India underscored the need for deeper reforms

Fabian socialism held India back after 1991 reforms: A Greenspan view

In his 2007 memoir, Alan Greenspan praised India's reforms but argued that lingering socialist policies and bureaucracy were holding back its economic potential

Cuba calls for free-market reforms in major economic shift since revolution

Observers on Friday called Cuba's new free-market reforms the most sweeping economic overhaul of the island's communist economy since the Cuban revolution, as the grandson of former president Raul Castro said in an interview that Cuba must seek to move its economy forward. The 176 measures aim to further decentralise Cuba's state-run economy, which has been left gasping by a tightened embargo under US President Donald Trump. Under the island's current economic model, the government largely determines what is produced, who produces it, the prices at which goods are sold and how the country's resources are allocated. The plan includes more space for private businesses, imports and exports without state intermediation, free hiring of personnel, authorisation for private banks and investment by Cubans abroad. It even permits fast-food chains to establish themselves on the island. "Elements that for decades were listed as pillars of the revolutionary economy, such as the state monopoly