Economic Reforms 1991

By 2025-26 the primary sector's share had roughly halved to about 18%, the tertiary sector had surged to some 56% and industry sat almost exactly where it began, at around 25%

India's IT industry was built not just on Y2K, but on the 1991 reforms that opened capital, technology, telecom and global markets, creating a powerful engine of exports and foreign exchange

N K Singh recalls the circumstances under which India liberalised its economy. He discusses how India can negotiate a highly uncertain world now, while retaining its growth momentum

India's development ambitions will depend not on promises alone, but on sustained reforms, better-designed welfare, inclusive products, capable leadership and accountability

Adds economy became top of agenda only circa 2000

India's pharma industry must pivot from global leadership in generics to innovation, backed by stronger policy, R&D funding and regulatory reforms, says Satish Reddy

How the continuing reforms in the MF space have created an over ₹82 trillion powerhouse

Jairam Ramesh says the 1991 reforms transformed India's economy, but reviving private investment is now the country's biggest economic policy challenge

The dropout rate of companies in index surged in post-liberalisation economy, even as Indian equities joined the global asset pool, with the entry of foreign institutional investors in the late 1990s

The reforms of 1991 not only enhanced car buyers' choices but also helped put Indian manufacturing on the global map

From generics to global leadership, India's pharmaceutical industry has transformed since 1991. Its next challenge is becoming a global hub for breakthrough drug innovation

Thirty-five years after the 1991 crisis, India's external sector is far stronger. But have larger reserves, stronger exports, and reforms eliminated the risk of another balance-of-payments crisis?

Sunil Bharti Mittal says the 1991 reforms transformed India's business landscape, paving the way for Airtel, and calls for continued reforms to sustain growth

The government responded to a grave foreign exchange crisis by progressively liberalising, rather than perpetuating restrictions on access to foreign exchange and imports

Thirty-five years after the 1991 reforms, India has grown dramatically but unfinished reforms, weak public services and job creation remain major challenges T N Ninan

Today's Best of BS Opinion examines lessons from the 1991 reforms, safeguards for offline UPI, enterprise digital infrastructure, state capacity and the costs of children growing up online

Montek Singh Ahluwalia says India needs a fresh reform roadmap, faster private investment and broader policy consensus to achieve the Viksit Bharat goal

The last time the domestic private sector achieved a one-year gain of net fixed assets above 20 per cent in nominal terms was 2009-10

Today's BS Opinion examines India's regulatory hurdles, the NEET-UG crisis, rising fiscal stress from welfare promises, corporate governance failures, and China under Xi Jinping

Today's Best of BS Opinion looks at India's evolving trade strategy, rising tensions with Bangladesh, lessons from China's manufacturing boom, food loss challenges, and the impact of digital platforms