The government has not notified ₹2,000 as an MDR threshold, but the existing incentive framework and transaction data explain why the number dominates the debate
Moved ahead of players such as Cred, Amazon Pay
Promoter share transfers, shorter SLB contracts and mandatory @valid UPI IDs are among the latest changes drawing attention in India's capital markets
Today's columns examine the case for keeping UPI free, Punjab's shifting political landscape, General A S Vaidya's forgotten legacy and the rise of founders as brand ambassadors.
It is worth seeing the argument from a perspective that does not limit itself to asking how UPI infrastructure costs ought to be funded
India’s UPI network has grown from just 373 transactions in its first month to more than 23 billion transactions in a single month. But as the system scales, a bigger question is emerging.
Cred and PhonePe raised $1 billion each during the five-year period, while Pine Labs, Razorpay and BharatPe were among the other major recipients of equity funding
The fintech expects at least 5 million users to get onboarded on the platform to access products like credit line on UPI or credit cards on UPI over the next five years, said Sumeet Basrani
The debate over UPI pricing is shifting as zero-MDR strains the ecosystem, raising questions over who should bear costs and whether a calibrated MDR can sustain digital public infrastructure
Restoring MDR for high-threshold transactions/merchants; or a tiered incentive structure
UPI users won't pay a transaction fee for now, but a proposed MDR framework could change how some merchant payments work.
"No MDR framework has yet been finalised," Sitharaman said. She added that consumers would continue to make instant digital payments through UPI without paying a transaction charge
NPCI plans to use the country's vast diaspora to drive global expansion, while also exploring AI-enabled payments through platforms like ChatGPT and Gemini
Apple Pay is set to launch in India by October, initially supporting Visa and Mastercard credit cards but not UPI, as Apple negotiates transaction fees with banks
The Ministry of Finance said UPI users will continue to pay no transaction charges, while a possible MDR could apply only to select merchant transactions above a threshold.
The government reiterated that UPI will remain free for citizens, with no charges on everyday transactions for consumers
Sameer Nigam, CEO of PhonePe, on Saturday said in a social media post that consumers would continue to use UPI free of charge, even as questions around charges for consumers and merchants continued
The day's opinion highlights flaws in closing auctions, the funding challenge in digital payments, humane KYC, cognitive warfare and everyday gender discrimination
Potential UPI MDR could boost revenues for dominant players like PhonePe and Paytm, while giving smaller apps a viable path to profitability and customer acquisition
The Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026, could pave the way for an MDR on UPI. Here's how MDR works, the current structure and what may change