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Reasoning about regulation involves comparing the costs and benefits. Full freedom allows the people to pursue economic efficiency
We need to be strategic to husband our policy reform resources, devoting energy to a few important areas that will materially impact the investment environment for private persons
The US restrictions are part of global tech wars and the third globalisation, aimed at hindering China's access to AI technologies
Policymakers can get export growth for some time through subsidies, whether a production-linked incentive or a falsified exchange rate
The people in the US who are imbued with free trade as a philosophy are concerned about the growing impediments to global trade
How can we create conditions for a next Indian growth episode?
Watching global firms utilising services production in India offers insights into the role of FDI
Indian energy policy should create conditions where private firms may consider whether it is optimal for them to buy such equipment
India has an interest in evolving the "third globalisation" into a true globalisation within the core while cutting off strategic rivals like China
The Chinese government has a philosophy of control which extends into macroeconomics
The stance of financial policy must not be to prevent lending against the field of real estate. It must be to support the financing that induces ample supply, which will keep real estate prices down
To get a 10x gain in FDI, we need to solve the deeper issues. The problems in India are reminiscent of those seen in China, on a smaller scale
Harmony and optimism in overall culture helps foster animal spirits. When the culture is infused with anger and violence, it is hard for private persons to make the leap of faith required in investing
We may hope for deeper process transformation over many years through the journey of political economy, consultation, and scientific research
Heavy lifting is now required in electricity and financial reforms
Policy reforms would work better than programmes or projects
What is the state of the economy, and the implications for policy?
We should not just solve the proximate symptoms
In one rare situation, there is a case for some protectionism against imports from China
Greater effectiveness will come from improved organisation design in the Union government